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The theories behind the operation of thermoelectric cooling can be traced back to the early 1800s. Jean Peltier discovered that there is a heating or cooling effect when electric current passes through two conductors. A thermoelectric cooler consists of semi conductor materials, which are the "N"-type semi conductor element at a higher energy level, "P"-type semi conductor element at a lower energy level, When the Power supply provides the energy to move the electrons from "P" to "N", the junction becomes cold, Contrarily, if the energy to move the electrons from "N" to "P", the junction becomes hot. It is approved that by connecting two wires of dissimilar metal to formed two junctions. |
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lease refer to the attached drawing: With the power supply, the top junction is cold, as the N-type electrons pass from the"P"-type to the "N"-type, and the cold side temperature will decrease as heat is absorbed. And the bottom junction is hot, the "P" type electrons pass from "P" to "N", the temperature increase. In practice, thermocouples are combined in a module where they are connected electrically in series, and thermally in parallel, also with support of other Heat exchange facility, the hot junction will remain the certain temperature and the cold junction can absorb heat to reduce the temperature. Thermoelectric cooling has become a viable technology for small cooling applications. |
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